Staff / Settings / OpenStack Plans

An OpenStack pricing plan is a collection or prices (rules with prices) for individual resources such as instances, volumes, images or network bandwidth

OpenStack plan list

This page displays your current pricing plans and allows you to manage them.

Creating a new pricing plan

To create a new plan click the button from the bottom right corner of the screen.

The following modal window will pop up, and you’ll be able to choose:

• Name: The name associated with the plan

• Currency: The currency that the pricing plan will use

• Is default: When a new default billing plan is set it will apply for newly created clients. It does not change for existing clients.

You must always have at least one pricing plan defined but Fleio allows you to create additional ones.

The default plan applies to all customers by default, and you can define additional pricing plans for various customer categories. For instance, you can to define discounts and use a different currency for a subset of customers.

The currency is selected per plan and applies for all pricing rules in that plan.

Note

A client is always invoiced using his default currency. The exchange rate will be applied to the amount determined by the pricing rules (if the client’s currency is different from the plan’s currency).

Deleting a plan

Click the Delete plan icon when hovering over a plan or enter its details page and hover over the action button. If you delete a plan used by some services, you’ll need to select another one to migrate the services using the OpenStack plan you are deleting.

OpenStack pricing plan details

The pricing plan details page lets you view the rules for your selected plan and make adjustments to them.

Right now you can create pricing rules for the following resource types: instances, images, volumes, network (project traffic), Swift object storage, instance traffic, Ceph object storage, volume snapshots, volume backups, floating IPs, DNS domains, instance IPs, load balancers, database instances and routers.

More resources may be added in future Fleio releases.

Pricing rules

To create a new pricing rule, click the (+) button either from the OpenStack plan details page or the OpenStack plans page when hovering an item. You’ll get redirected a new page with the following form that will be explained below.

One plan includes several pricing rules, each with its own set of filters and modifiers. The currency set for the billing plan is used for all pricing rules in that plan.

OpenStack resource type and data collection method

Each pricing rule must be defined on a type of resource (e.g. instance, volume, floating ip, etc.). The data collection method for each resource type might be different, and you can find it in the following table:

Resource type	Data collection method
Instance	OpenStack notifications
Image	OpenStack notifications
Volume	OpenStack notifications
Network (data traffic per project)	Gnocchi
Swift Object storage	Gnocchi
Instance traffic	Gnocchi
Ceph object storage	Gnocchi
Volume snapshot	OpenStack notifications
Volume backups	OpenStack notifications
Floating IPs	OpenStack notifications
DNS Domains	OpenStack notifications
Instance IPs	OpenStack notifications
Load balancer	OpenStack notifications
Database instance	OpenStack notifications
Router	OpenStack notifications

Common pricing rules Features

• Pricing rules are not exclusive:

  • multiple rules can apply to the same cloud resource and the price outcome of each rule will be added to the total price.

• The pricing rule Name is display in billing history details.

• The Start date and End date fields

• The Pricing attribute is used to determine what to charge for.

  For example, in case of an Image, a Pricing Attribute set to size will calculate the price based on the Image size. If the Pricing Attribute would be set to existence, then the price of an image of any size would be set.

• The Unit can be set for specific attributes like memory_mb or any attribute that can be converted to a different

  size. If you want to charge an instance per GB of memory, you would set the Pricing attribute to memory_mb and the Unit to Gigabytes.

  Example: Charge $1 per 2GB of Instance RAM/Hour translates to Pricing attribute set to memory_mb, Unit set to Gigabytes, Time unit set to Hour and price set to 1, assuming the Plan currency is USD.

• The Time unit sets the unit of time the price is for. As an example, a time unit

  of hour and the Pricing attribute set to existence means the price is set for every hour the instance exists in the cloud.

• The total price for a rule may end up being negative, especially when negative modifiers are used for discounts.

  Fleio deals with these prices by setting them to zero. This can be controlled from the Fleio settings.py file by setting OSBILLING_NEGATIVE_PRICE_ALWAYS_ZERO to False (see Allowing negative rule prices) if you want negative prices (increasing your client’s credit balance in time) or True, which is the default, to always set negative prices to zero.

• A rule’s total price can sometimes become zero or almost zero.

  To prevent this, Fleio provides the OSBILLING_MINIMUM_PRICE_PER_RULE setting, which lets you set a minimum price threshold for each rule.

Filters

Pricing rules are by default applied to all resources of a type. To limit the scope of a pricing rule to a subset of resources, filters should be applied.

Typical filters are: instance_type is m1.small or volume_type is SSD.

For example, setting the filter instance_type is m1.small on an Instance pricing rule, will configure the pricing rule to only apply on instances with the m1.small flavor set.

Multiple filters can be added. The logical AND is used between them. In other words: the pricing rule only applies if all the filter conditions are true.

Price Modifiers

Price modifiers define additional cost added or subtracted to/from the rule’s base price.

For example, if you want to offer a discount of 10% for instances in a specific availability_zone you would create a modifier with the Attribute name set to availability_zone and the name of the availability zone desired, check the Price is percent checkbox and set the percent to -10 (as negative for discount).

If you instead would like to charge a fixed amount of $10 for each instance running Windows, you would create a modifier with the os_type attribute set to windows and a fixed price of 10USD and the Time unit set to hour.

Price modifiers can match a list of values when the resource attribute is a normal text.

For example, if you wish to match multiple instance names, you would select the display_name as the Attribute the In list or Not in list operator and for the value, each name should be separated by “,” as below:

vm1,vm2,vm3

Fleio offers autocomplete for most attributes when using In list or Not in list operators.

Instance pricing rules

Price can be applied on compute instances based on one of the following attributes:

• existence: A price per Time Unit (second, minute, hour, billing cycle).

• vcpu: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the number of virtual CPU cores.

• root_gb: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the number of GB of the instance’s main disk.

• memory_mb: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the number of MB of the instance’s memory.

• ephemeral_gb: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the number of GB of the instance’s ephemeral disk size.

Filters can be used to limit the instances charged by the rule.

Instances filters

State filter

An OpenStack instance passes through several states in its lifetime.

You can define the list of states when you want the instance to be charged or list of states that you do not want to charge.

E.g. if you do not want to charge instances that are in building or error state, you can add a filter on the pricing rule and choose in the Add filter dialog Attribute name: state, Operator: Not in list and Value: building,error,stopped. Note that states are case-sensitive and must be all lower case.

Possible instance states that you can define filters on:

• active

• booted_from_iso - this is a Fleio specific state, not found in OpenStack

• building

• deleted - instance may appear temporary in this state in Fleio when it is being deleted

• error

• paused

• rescued

• resized

• shelved

• shelved_offloaded

• soft-delete

• stopped

• suspended

WARNING: If you add a pricing rule filter for a state, like active, or for a list of states all other instance states will not incur cost for the end-user.

Instance type filter

Each instance is created using a flavor that specifies the resources (vCPUs, RAM and disk space) available to an instance.

You can filter instances by flavor by selecting instance_type attribute.

Other filters

Instances can be filtered using additional attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• availability_zone - OpenStack availability zone for the instance

• display_name - the name the user gave to the instance when it was created

• launched_at - instance creation timestamp

• vcpus - virtual CPUs allocated to the instances

• root_gb - the size in gigabytes allocated for an instance’s root partition

• memory_mb - the size in megabytes of instance’s allocated RAM

• os_type - operating system type

• instance_id - useful if you want to charge only a specific instance

• tenant_id - the OpenStack project ID for this instance

• host - the OpenStack hypervisor where this instance resides

• has_boot_volume - true if instance is booted from volume

• ephemeral_gb - the size in gigabytes allocated for an instance’s ephemeral storage

• region - OpenStack region for the image

• image_id - ID of the image used to create this instance

Image pricing rules

OpenStack Glance image storage can be priced on:

• existence: A price per Time Unit (second, minute, hour, billing cycle) regardless of the size in GB.

• size: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the size of the image. You can select the Size Unit: Bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes, Petabytes.

Images filters

Images can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• size - the size of the image

• created_at - creation timestamp for the image

• updated_at - last change timestamp for the image

• disk_format - image disk format

• visibility - image visibility

• status - image status

• name - image name

• region - OpenStack region for the image

Volume pricing rules

OpenStack Cinder volumes (also known as block devices) are priced on the same characteristics as images:

• existence: A price per Time Unit (second, minute, hour, billing cycle) regardless of the size in GB.

• size: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the size of the volume. You can select the Size Unit: Bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes, Petabytes.

Volumes filters

Volumes can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• size - volume size

• availability_zone - OpenStack availability zone for the volume

• created_at - volume creation timestamp

• volume_type - OpenStack volume type

• related_instance_flavor - filters on this attribute work only if the volume is attached to an instance, else the

  filters are ignored

• display_name - volume display name

• region - OpenStack region for the volume

Network pricing rules

This rule applies to the number of GB that have passed through an L3 network.

Flat pricing means that the number of GB is multiplied with the Price per GB that is filled in.

Tiered pricing allows to set difference pricing depending on the volume of GB that is charged. For example, you can define that the first 1 000 GB cost 0.05 EUR per GB, the following GB up to 10 000 GB cost 0.045 EUR per GB, and the next GB (from 10 000 GB to infinite) cost 0.04 EUR.

You can also set the first tier to be free. I.e. the first 2500 GB are included at no cost. For example:

0 - 2500GB will be free 2500 GB - 5000 GB, 0.003 / GB 5000 GB - infinite, 0.006 / GB

If the client has 7000 GB of traffic he will be billed as following:

• 5000 GB (for the 2500 GB - 5000 GB tier) at 0.003 / GB (7.5 EUR)

• 2000 GB (for the 5000 GB - infinite tier) at 0.006 / GB (12 EUR)

Total billed for this instance will be 19.5 EUR (2500 GB at 0.003 / GB (7.5 EUR) + 2000 GB at 0.006 / GB (12 EUR)) .

NOTE How to configure OpenStack to support network bandwidth billing/accounting.

The neutron-metering-agent needs to be installed besides each neutron-l3-agent in order to support L3 networking accounting.

Follow the simple configuration for the metering agent: configure-metering-agent

Assuming we would like to account for the external traffic, we may want to create the following label with rules:

First create a shared label that will automatically be applied to all projects:

openstack network meter create --description Shared --share bandwidth

Create a rule for the bandwidth label to account for the packets leaving the project router

openstack network meter rule create --egress --remote-ip-prefix 0.0.0.0/0 bandwidth

Create another rule to account for the packets entering the project router

openstack network meter rule create --ingress --remote-ip-prefix 0.0.0.0/0 bandwidth

If we wish to exclude any destination we can add another rule together with the –exclude switch:

openstack network meter rule create --exclude --ingress --remote-ip-prefix 0.0.0.0/0 bandwidth

The above rule excludes all traffic going to 10.0.0.0/8

Assuming we have the Neutron L3 metering agent installed and the Ceilometer notification agent and Gnocchi and a Fleio pricing rule defined for bandwidth, the traffic accounting should start to display the cost for L3 networking in a few minutes.

Note

Rules on this resource have no filters.

Object storage/Ceph object storage pricing rules

This assumes that Ceilometer was set up to gather metrics correctly and send them to Gnocchi for further processing.

Fleio has support for Swift billing on the following metrics:

• storage.objects.incoming.bytes - the total incoming network traffic in Gigabytes during a month

• storage.objects.outgoing.bytes - the total outgoing network traffic in Gigabytes during a month

• storage.objects - the average number of objects in a month is computed and the price is per object-month.

• storage.objects.containers - the average number of object containers in a month is computed and the price is per container-month.

• storage.objects.size - the average size in Gigabytes of all objects is computed during a month and the price is set per GB-month.

Fleio also collect the following metrics for CEPH object storage:

• radosgw.api.requests - number of API requests against Ceph Object Gateway (radosgw)

• radosgw.objects - number of objects

• radosgw.objects.containers - number of containers

• radosgw.objects.size - total size of stored objects

Notice the names of a few metrics: storage.objects.incoming.bytes, ..outgoing.bytes. Fleio will always rescale this values to Gigabytes.

As an example, say you would like to charge a customer for the total size used on Swift during one month with 31 days. Let’s assume the customer uses 10 GB of storage on the first 5 days of the month, 15 GB on the next 20 days and 20 GB on the last 6 days. Let’s also assume the price is set to $1/GB-month of storage. That would result in the following price calculation:

Price = (10 GB * 5 days + 15 GB * 20 days + 20 GB * 6 days) / 31 days * $1 = $15.16 for that month

Note

Rules on this resources have no filters.

Instance traffic pricing rules

This assumes traffic data collecting was set up correctly in Fleio. See traffic monitoring for more details.

Fleio has support for billing the following types of instance traffic.

• Incoming public traffic - the incoming public traffic for an instance

• Incoming private traffic - the incoming private traffic for an instance

• Outgoing public traffic - the outgoing public traffic for an instance

• Outgoing private traffic - the outgoing private traffic for an instance

• Total public traffic - total public traffic for an instance

• Total private traffic - total private traffic for an instance

• Total traffic - total traffic per instance

Pricing is specified in GB/billing cycle.

Distinction between public and private traffic is done based on ip address at port level. If a port as at least one public ip address all traffic on that port is considered public traffic. If a port has only private IP addresses, then all traffic on that port is considered private.

Note

Currently instance traffic pricing rules do not support start date and end date.

Instance filters

Instances for witch this rules applies can be filtered by various attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• availability_zone - OpenStack availability zone for the instance

• instance_type - see Instance type filter

• display_name - the name the user gave to the instance when it was created

• cell_name - OpenStack cell name for the instance

• launched_at - instance creation timestamp

• state - see State filter

• vcpus - virtual CPUs allocated to the instances

• root_gb - the size in gigabytes allocated for an instance’s root partition

• os_type - operating system type

• os_version - operating system version

Volume snapshot pricing rules

OpenStack Cinder volume snapshots are priced on the same characteristics as volumes:

• existence: A price per Time Unit (second, minute, hour, billing cycle) regardless of the size in GB.

• volume_size: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the size of the volume. You can select the Size Unit: Bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes, Petabytes.

Volumes snapshot filters

Volume snapshots can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• volume_size - the size of the volume

• status - status of the volume snapshot

• region - the OpenStack region for the volume snapshot

Volume backup pricing rules

OpenStack Cinder volume backup are priced on the same characteristics as volumes:

• existence: A price per Time Unit (second, minute, hour, billing cycle) regardless of the size in GB.

• size: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the size of the volume. You can select the Size Unit: Bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes, Petabytes.

Volumes backup filters

Volume backups can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• volume_size - volume size

• status - status of the backup

• region - OpenStack region for the volume backup

• availability_zone - OpenStack availability zone for the volume backup

Floating IPs pricing rules

Floating IPs can be charged per Time Unit. The price per Time unit is multiplied with the number of floating IPs available in that time unit.

Floating IPs filters

Floating IPs can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• floating_ip_address - floating IP address for the floating IP

• fixed_ip_address - fixed IP address for the floating IP

• created_at - floating IP creation timestamp

• updated_at - floating IP update timestamp

• region - OpenStack region for the floating IP

• status - floating IP status

• flavor - OpenStack flavor used to create the instance using the floating IP

DNS Domains pricing rules

DNS Domains can be charged per existence Time Unit. These rules will actually charge the OpenStack DNS zones.

DNS Domains filters

DNS domains can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• type - DNS zone type

• pool_id -

• parent_zone_id - DNS zone parent

• ttl - DNS zone TTL

• email - the email for the DNS zone

• created_at - DNS zone creation timestamp

• updated_at - DNS zone update timestamp

• region - OpenStack region for the DNS zone

• status - DNS zone status

Instance IPs pricing rules

Instance IPs can be charged per Time Unit. The price per Time unit is multiplied with the number of instance IPs available in that time unit.

This rule allows you to specify a number of free IP addresses for each instance, the rule will apply only for instances that have more IPs than this number.

Instance IPs filters

Instance IPs can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• flavor_name - OpenStack flavor used to create instance

• network_id - OpenStack network ID that the IP belongs to

• is_ipv4 - true if the IP address is an IPv4 address

• is_ipv6 - true if the IP address is an IPv6 address

• region - OpenStack region for the floating IP

• is_public - true if this is a public IP address

Load balancer pricing rules

Load balancers ban be priced on the following attributes:

• existence: A price per Time Unit (second, minute, hour, billing cycle).

• amphora_instance_count: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the number of amphora instances.

Load balancer filters

Load balancers can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• region - OpenStack region for the floating IP

• amphora_instance_count - number of amphora instances

Database instance pricing rules

OpenStack DBaaS databases can be priced on:

• existence: A price per Time Unit (second, minute, hour, billing cycle) regardless of the size in GB.

• volume_size: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the size of the volume associated with the database.

  You can select the Size Unit: Bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes, Petabytes.

• instance_size: The price per Time Unit is multiplied with the size of the instance associated with the

  database. You can select the Size Unit: Bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes, Petabytes.

Database instance filters

Database instances can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• instance_type - OpenStack flavor used to create the instance

• instance_type - OpenStack flavor ID used to create the instance

• created_at - database instance creation timestamp

• datastore - OpenStack datastore used for the database instance

• region - OpenStack region for the database instance

• availability_zone - OpenStack availability zone for the database instance

• volume_size - size of the volume used by the database instance

• instance_size - size of the database instance

• nova_volume_id - ID of the volume used by the database instance

• nova_instance_id - ID of the database instance

Router pricing rules

Routers can be charged per Time Unit. The price per Time unit is multiplied with the number of routers available in that time unit.

Routers filters

Routers can be filtered using several attributes. Below is a complete list of all available filter attributes with descriptions.

• project_id - OpenStack project id for the router

• status - router status

• created_at - router creation timestamp

• region - OpenStack region for the router

• external_network_id - external network ID for the router

• enable_snat - true if SNAT is enabled for the router

• admin_state_up - admin state up flag for the router

• display_name - display name of the router